Deductive order is a pattern of organization wherein a generalization is stated first followed by particulars. It is the reverse of the inductive of arrangement. While the inductive order progresses from the part to the whole, the deductive order progresses from the whole to the parts. The methods of arrangement used in the following paragraph is deductive; that is the writer starts with a general statement of the destruction of animals and proceeds by citing particulars as to how man has done it. Starting with a hypothesis and talking from it, asking if the evidence fits the given theory, and concluding the strength of the hypothesis as explanatory. This approach often means in practice, taking a position and arguing its biggest points first, and descending.
Sunday, September 28, 2008
INDUCTIVE ORDER
Inductive order is a patter of organization wherein particulars are presented first leading on to a generalization. In this arrangement the "topic sentence " of the paragraph or the " main idea " is expressed in finals statement, where it makes a especial impression on to the reader, who is accestoned to the more usual order which places it first. Inductive Order : This is where the evidence is allowed to build its own overall picture. This is a history based approach. The argument order is used in persuasion, because small points are raised first and the points are allowed to get more and more compelling, something to do with communication. Induction is the name given to a certain kind of proof, and also to a (related) way of defining a function. For a proof, the statement to be proved has a suitably ordered set of cases. Some cases (usually one, but possibly zero or more than one), are proved separately, and the other cases are deduced from those. The deduction goes by contradiction, as we shall see. For a function, its domain is suitably ordered.
ARGUMENTATION
Argumentation is an argument essay, you defend a controversial point-one with which at least some readers will not agree-with a series of solid reasons.
Strategies for argumentation:
- Use tactful , courteous language.
- point out common ground.
- Acknowledge differing viewpoint and grant their merits ( if appropriate )
- Rebut differing viewpoints
Argumentation theory, or argumentation, embraces the arts and sciences of civil debate, dialogue, conversation, and persuasion; studying rules of inference, logic, and procedural rules in both artificial and real world settings. Argumentation is concerned primarily with reaching conclusions through logical reasoning, that is, claims based on premises. Although including debate and negotiation which are concerned with reaching mutually acceptable conclusions, argumentation theory also encompasses eristic dialog, the branch of social debate in which victory over an opponent is the primary goal. This art and science is often the means by which people protect their beliefs or self-interests in rational dialogue, in common parlance, and during the process of arguing. Argumentation is used in law, for example in trials, in preparing an argument to be presented to a court, and in testing the validity of certain kinds of evidence. Also, argumentation scholars study the post hoc rationalizations by which organizational actors try to justify decisions they have made irrationally.
DIVISION OR CLASSIFICATION
We spend a good deal of time organizing our environment in order to make sense of it and deal with it more efficiently. "Edibility" and " storage location " would be the principles of classification and division in the preceding examples. In writing, we classify and divide a subject in order to explain it to readers. A division/classification paragraph or essay either divides something into parts or groups related things into categories. Division and classification are ways of presenting a body of information in an organized and easily accessible way. In division we list the component parts of a single thing. For example, every essay we write could be divided into the introduction, the body, and the conclusion. In turn, the body could probably be further subdivided. Instead of starting with a single thing, classification occurs when we have many things and we try to organize or file them. Division is the process of breaking a whole into parts; classification is the act of sorting individual items into categories.Through classification and division, we can make sense of seemingly random ideas by putting scattered bits of information into useful, coherent order. By breaking a large group into smaller categories and bringing separate items together into particular categories, we are able to identify relationships between the whole and its parts and to recognize similarities and differences among the parts themselves. (Remember, though, that simply enumerating representative examples does not constitute classification; when you classify, you always sort individual examples into categories according to some grouping principle.) Division is the opposite of classification. When you divide, you start with a whole (an entire class) that you break into its individual parts-smaller, more specific classes, called subclasses. For example, you might start with the large general class television shows and divide it into smaller subclasses: comedy, drama, action/adventure, and so forth. You could divide each of these subclasses still further-- action/adventure programs, for example, might include westerns, police shows, and so on--and each of these subclasses could be further divided as well. Eventually you would need to determine a particular principle to help you assign specific programs to one category or another--that is, to classify them.
DEFINITION
In order to be fully understood, we often have to define our terms. In a written definition, we make clear in a more detailed and formal way our under understanding of a term in order to illustrate a point. Such a definition typically starts with one meaning of a term. A definition is a statement of the meaning of a word or phrase. The term to be defined is known as the definiendum (Latin: that which is to be defined). The words which define it are known as the definiens (Latin: that which is doing the defining). There are two types of definitions, these are, descriptive and stipulative. A descriptive definition provides to a term a meaning which is in general use.A stipulative definition of a term carries a meaning which a speaker wants it to convey for the purpose of his or her discourse. Thus, the term may be new, or a stipulative definition may prescribe a new meaning to a term which is already in use.A descriptive definition can be shown to be "right" or "wrong" by comparison to usage, but a stipulative definition cannot.A presicing definition extends the descriptive dictionary definition (lexical definition) of a term for a specific purpose by including additional criteria that narrow down the set of things meeting the definition.
CAUSE AND EFFECT
By examining the cause or effects of something, we seek to explain thing that happen in our lives. There are nearly always multiple causes and effect associated with any phenomenon (action, event, idea, etc.). Emphasizing one or another cause and/ or effect is the point of writing a cause - and- effect essay. Be aware, however, that in doing so, you are making an argument. Be sure to adequately support your point! Causality (but not causation) denotes a necessary relationship between one event (called cause) and another event (called effect) which is the direct consequence (result) of the first. A cause is an agent or condition that permits the occurrence of an effect or leads to a result. from Latin causa: to make something happen, the reason something happens. A cause implies what is called a "causal connection" as distinguished from events which may occur but do not have any effect on later events. Example: While driving his convertible, Johnny Youngblood begins to stare at pretty Sally Golightly, who is standing on the sidewalk. While so distracted he veers into a car parked at the curb. Johnny's inattention (negligence) is the cause of the accident, and neither Sally nor her beauty is the cause, short for cause of action.
PROCESS
Process is a series of steps performed in a definite order. A process is a naturally occurring or designed sequence of change of properties or attributes of an object or system. More precisely, and from the most general systemic perspective, every process is representable as a particular trajectory (or part thereof) in a system's phase space. A process is a series of progressive and interdependent steps by which an end is attained: a chemical process. Procedure usually implies a formal or set order of doing a thing, a method of conducting affairs.
NARRATION
Narration is storytelling: giving readers an account of something that happen, is used to make a statement clear or illustrate a point. The sharper and more colorful the detail, the greater the impact the narration will have. Narration is, simply put, the art of "telling back" what has been learned. It is an integral part of the Charlotte Mason method, and is often used by Classical educators and other homeschooling families who employ a "living books" approach to education, rather than a textbook approach. The art of narration begins early, before a child has learned to read. Even a preschool child can "tell back" the favorite stories read over and over by parents. When our young children "read" their favorite books, turning the pages lovingly and repeating the stories to their dolls, that is an unprompted narration.As the subject matter of the narration becomes more complex, so does the narration itself. Instead of just "telling back" the story, the details and underlying themes of a reading can be drawn forth.a
DESCRIPTION
Description is a verbal preface of a person, place, or thing. Because description is a mode of expository writing which is relied upon in other expository modes, we sometimes find difficulty in imagining a purely descriptive essay. In a narrative, for example, description can make the setting of characters more vivid; in a process paper it can insure that the audience understands the finished product. Regardless of how we use description, it is easy to see that it strengthens an essay considerably. a statement, picture in words, or account that describes; descriptive representation.
the act or method of describing, sort; kind; variety: dogs of every description. Geometry. the act or process of describing a figure. The act, process, or technique of describing. A representation in words of the nature and characteristics of a thing. The act of describing; a delineation by marks or signs.
Thursday, September 18, 2008
Comparison and Contrast
Sunday, July 20, 2008
characteristics ofthe paragraph
A paragraph has its own characteristics. It has three charachteristics, which are; unity, coherence, and proportion. Unity came from the latin word "unus" which means one. The singleness of idea & subject matter concentration. Unity can also achieved by, giving a topic sentence or the main idea of the paragraph. Topic sentence states the organization of the paragraph. There are four ways to state a topic sentence. First, declarative which states explaination. Second,qquedtions which means of asking "WH" questions. Third, paradox, a statement or that seems to contradict itself or to conflict with common sence but which contains a truth. And lastly, quotations. The unity also maintains its constant point of view. The second characteristics of the paragraph is coherence, in latin word, " cohaere" which means to stick together. It is the proper arrangement of sentences. It has organizational order, which are; the deductive order, inductive order, chronological order, and sequential. The deductive order means the general to specific details. The inductive order which means specific to general. Chronological order states the oder of the time. Then, the last is the sequential. And the third characteristics of the paragraph is the proportion, important details are given emphasis. On the first portion of the paragraph are the important details and the following paragraph are the least important details.
Saturday, July 19, 2008
what is paragraph
A paragraph is a group of sentence which express a complete thoughts , a unit of composition. And has a topic sentence and a supporting details or details that develop to topic sentence. Paragraph has two types, the independent paragraph, and the related paragraph.Paragraph has a topic sentence that states the main idea of the paragraph or states the organization of the paragraph. Some of example on how to state a topic sentence, by declaring, asking questions, paradox, and quotations. Paragraph also maintains on its constant point if view. It has proper arrangement of sentences. Has an organizational patterns, like deductive order which is in general to specific details. The inductive order which is in specific to general. The time order which is called chronological order. And the sequence of the entire paragraph. Paragraph has an important details that are given emphasis. The important details must be at the upper portion of the paragraph or the first paragraph. It states the entire story or the general words of the story. After the important details must be the least important detals which states the whole story, describing the first paragraph. The paragraph is the way of expressing the story, or declaring what the story about.
Saturday, June 28, 2008
it is all about me
At 12:05 pm in the 20th day of Febuary in the year of the Lord-1991, in the town of Maracas Lahug, Cebu City born this handsome & lovable boy named Carlo B. Carmen the 3rd child of Mr. & Mrs. Anselma & Cornelio Carmen.I am now 17 yrs. of age,presently residing in Tikyan Road, Upper Sampaguita, Banilad Mandaue City. I finished my elementary years in Cabancalan I elementary School & my high school years in Cabancalan National High School. I am now a 1st yr. college student of Center for Industrial Technology & Enterprise (CITE) taking up Mechanical Technology. Amidst of the many problems that have come my way, I still remain strong. Like a stone that never defeat no matter how many times you stepped on it.It may crack 7 lose its beauty but still the dignity remains. I was born & motivate in this world holding my characters, special skills & my ability that makes my life beautiful & challenging. I am a person who carries a value of patience, hospitality & understanding. I know how to act little in front of anybody in speaking of jokes & I have a sense of humor. Unfortunately , inspite of all that values, the other side of me is a loner person & its happen to be that way. I know how to operate lathe machine, loves to play basketball, badminton, tennis & a little bit of chess. I'm good when it deals with music because i was blessed to have a good voice for me to sing. honestly speaking, I dont know how to swim,in terms of bicycle, I dont know how to ride in the road. I used to bring my pen everywhere I am in the corner of this world because I believe that this pen will lead me to mysucceed, to go on & strive hard to reach my goals. My knack is to draw & to sketch houses. I believe that this will bring me to my bright future. I see myself ten years from now that I am a successful Architect, a setted man living with my own family.
I am hopeful that one of these days, I will be able to finish my desired course with the help of our Almigthy God and as well as th support & motivation of my family, friends, more than friends.
Friday, June 27, 2008
When you read a classic, you can't help feeling overwhelmed by the author's depth of thought. Legends such as Charles Dickens, Mark Twain, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Rudyard Kipling continue to dominate the world of literature. Remarkably, many celebrated writers and poets of previous centuries did not have strong educational backgrounds! Yet, they left their distinct mark on English literature and language. Mark Twain, Samuel Johnson, and Christopher Marlowe contributed a great deal to the English language. Marvel at the power that great authors wield over words
Laughter is serious business. Getting a room full of people to burst into peals of laughter is not everybody's cup of tea. Yet, great comedians like Rodney Dangerfield, Groucho Marx, Dane Cook, and others manage to leave their audience in splits every time they crack a joke. But you don't have to be a famous stand-up comedian to make light conversation. Whether you are in a mood for a good laugh, or you want to be the center of attention at your office party, quotes from funny people can be handy.
You may think that political leaders are power-hungry bad hats who never fulfill their promises. But the truth is that without revolutionary political leaders, social and economic progress would be unimaginable. Political leaders have an aura that compels the masses to follow them. They also envision a glorious future for the common good. Martin Luther King Jr. dreamt of a society devoid of racial prejudice. Winston Churchill led his country through the World War. Gandhi's philosophy of non-violence saw India through her freedom struggle. Thus, a leader aspires for his nation and guides people to realize their dreams.
Wednesday, June 25, 2008
God speaks to each of us before we are,
Before he's formed us then, in cloudy speech,
But only then, he speaks these words to each
And silently walks with us from the dark:
Driven by your senses, dare
To the edge of longing. Grow
Like a fire's shadowcasting glare
Behind assembled things, so you can spread
Their shapes on me as clothes.
Don't leave me bare.
Let it all happen to you: beauty and dread.
Simply go no feeling is too much
And only this way can we stay in touch.
Near here is the land
That they call Life.
You'll know when you arrive
By how real it is.
Give me your hand.
I glanced at her and took my glasses
off--they were still singing. They buzzed
like a locust on the coffee table and then
ceased. Her voice belled forth, and the
sunlight bent. I felt the ceiling arch, and
knew that nails up there took a new grip
on whatever they touched. "I am your own
way of looking at things," she said. "When
you allow me to live with you, every
glance at the world around you will be
a sort of salvation." And I took her hand.
What you want more than anything
is to grab the zebra in your jaws.
Forget the job. Forget teamwork.
Roll the nature film,
You''ve seen your neighbor
in his flashy car.
You've heard the whispers
of bonuses for others
delivered behind locked doors
like secret Mason handshakes.
You just need five minutes or so
of stalking in the dry Savannah grass.
And then one good sniff of your prey
nibbling weeds by a small lagoon.
What better than a slow creep
up behind that unknowing striped back
as deliberate as sharpening a pencil.
And then the pounce,
the real law of the jungle,
you with your fangs around its rump,
it braying in agonizing terror.
What you want from life
is to trot back to your den in triumph,
zebra intestine flapping in your jaw
like spaghetti.
So they don't pay you as much as the next guy.
You're at the point now
that if they paid you in zebras
that would be enough.
Always for the first time
Always for the first time
Hardly do I know you by sight
You return at some hour of the night to a house at an angle to my window
A wholly imaginary house
It is there that from one second to the next
In the inviolate darkness
I anticipate once more the fascinating rift occuring
The one and only rift
In the facade and in my heart
The closer I come to you
In reality
The more the key sings at the door of the unknown room
Where you appear alone before me
At first you coalesce entierly with the brightness
The elusive angle of a curtain
It's a field of jasmine I gazed upon at dawn on a road in the vicinity of Grasse
With the diagonal slant of its girls picking
Behind them the dark falling wing of the plants stripped bare
Before them a T-square of dazzling light
The curtain invisibly raised
In a frenzy all the flowers swarm back in
It is you at grips with that too long hour never dim enough until sleep
You as though you could be
The same except that I shall perhaps never meet you
You pretend not to know I am watching you
Marvelously I am no longer sure you know
You idleness brings tears to my eyes
A swarm of interpretations surrounds each of your gestures
It's a honeydew hunt
There are rocking chairs on a deck there are branches that may well scratch you in the forest
There are in a shop window in the rue Notre-Dame-de-Lorette
Two lovely crossed legs caught in long stockings
Flaring out in the center of a great white clover
There is a silken ladder rolled out over the ivy
There is
By my leaning over the precipice
Of your presence and your absense in hopeless fusion
My finding the secret
Of loving you
Always for the first time
When you are old and gray and full of sleep,
And nodding by the fire, take down this book,
And slowly read, and dream of the soft look
Your eyes had once, and of their shadows deep;
How many loved your moments of glad grace,
And loved your beauty with love false or true;
But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you,
And loved the sorrows of your changing face.
And bending down beside the glowing bars
Murmur, a little sadly, how love fled
And paced upon the mountains overhead
And his his face amid a crowd of stars.
